

During the 1840s pioneers followed the Humboldt Valley– Donner Pass route to the Pacific Coast, and the Gold Rush of 1849 greatly expanded migration through Nevada to California. Frémont’s explorations with Kit Carson publicized the Great Basin and the Sierra Nevada region. By 1830 the Old Spanish Trail was bringing traders to the area from Santa Fe and Los Angeles, and in 18 John C. In 1825 Hudson’s Bay Company trappers explored the northern and central region, and two years later Jedediah Smith led a party of American traders into the Las Vegas Valley and across the Great Basin. The missionary travels of Francisco Garcés from New Mexico to California in 1775–76 were imitated by other Spanish Franciscans.

Missionaries and fur traders were in the vanguard of the exploration of the Nevada area. Explorers of the early 1800s found Mojave, Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe groups at various locations within Nevada. Cave dwellers left picture writings on rocks in southern Nevada, and Basketmakers and Pueblo Indians also flourished there.

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